Subsequent work has demonstrated that positive testing is not inherently irrational [austerweil2011seeking, perfors2009confirmation, oeberst_toward_2023]; for instance, when target phenomena are relatively rare, positive testing approximates optimal information gathering [klayman_confirmation_1987]. Bias emerges not from the strategy itself, but from the interaction between the search strategy and the environment [klayman_varieties_1995]. When a learner’s hypothesis is a subset of, or embedded within, the truth, positive testing yields “ambiguous verifications” that the learner mistakes for strong evidence for their hypothesis [klayman_confirmation_1987]. This creates a feedback loop where the search strategy retrieves only confirming data, and the learner fails to account for the fact that they are sampling from a biased subset of reality.
6、Lazada子公司在新加坡推出前置仓即时零售近日，Lazada旗下的新加坡线上超市RedMart正式推出即前置仓时零售服务RedMart Now。RedMart在新加坡十多年深耕预约配送模式，如今新业务最快30分钟送达，意味着这家老牌线上商超也正式加入即时零售的竞争。
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